What is definition and formula of 'molal specific volume' ?
1 Answer
It's kind of a misnomer... the "molal specific volume" is really just the molar volume (not molal volume) for the substance:
#barV_i = ((delV_i)/(deln_i))_(T,P,n_j, i ne j)# i.e. the variation of the volume for substance
#i# due to its variation in mols, at constant solution composition (#n_(j ne i)# ), temperature (#T# ), and pressure (#P# ).
For this, we associate the total volume of the solution with the molar volumes and moles of its components:
#V = sum_i n_i barV_i#
NOTE: if you wanted to calculate the total volume of a water-ethanol mixture (which has negative deviation from Raoult's law), you would need to know the molar volumes of both substances at the appropriate temperature and pressure, AND solution composition:
#barV_("EtOH") = "0.05841 L/mol"# at#20^@ "C"# and#"1 bar"#
#barV_("H"_2"O"(l)) = "0.01805 L/mol"# at#20^@ "C"# and#"1 bar"# IF BY THEMSELVES.
#barV# changes with concentration, as the intermolecular forces between solute and solvent increase at higher concentration.
Suppose you mixed
From their pure densities,
#"58.0 mL" xx "0.7893 g"/"mL" xx ("1 mol")/("46.07 g") = "0.9937 mols ethanol"#
#"18.0 mL" xx "0.9982071 g"/"mL" xx ("1 mol")/("18.015 g") = "0.9974 mols water"#
Therefore:
#color(red)V = n_1barV_1 + n_2barV_2#
#= "0.9937 mols EtOH" xx "0.05841 L"/"mol" + "0.9974 mols water" xx "0.01805 L"/"mol"#
#=# #color(red)"76.05 mL"#
And this would appear to be close to the predicted
...the actual measured volume is around