Help me with the question below ????

Here's what you're starting with:

I'll tell you what I call them, but you'll have to figure out what you should be calling them...

#(1)# is a reduction, so you can use #"H"_2# catalyzed by #"Pd/C"#, a catalytic hydrogenation (electrophilic addition).

You start with an alkene and end up with an alkane (a hydrocarbon with only single bonds).

#(2)# is bromination (electrophilic addition), and is an anti-addition of #2"Br"#. The first addition results in a bromonium intermediate, and the #"Br"^(-)# then backside-attacks to generate the product, known as a vicinal dibromide.

You start with an alkene and form an alkyl dihalide (#R-"X"#), with two halide (#"X"^(-)#) functional groups.

#(3)# is hydrobromination (electrophilic addition), and that can be done using #"HBr"# in #"Et"_2"O"#. You'll have to decide whether this is addition or acid-base though...

You start with an alkene and form an alkyl halide (#R-"X"#), with one halide (#"X"^(-)#) functional group.

#(4)# This is acid-catalyzed hydration (electrophilic addition), generating an #"OH"# on one carbon and an #"H"# on the other. You can do this with #"H"_2"O"# catalyzed by #"H"_2"SO"_4("dil.")#.

You start with an alkene and form an alcohol (#R-"OH"#), with a hydroxyl functional group (#"OH"#).

#(5)# This is #"S"_N2# (substitution) via #"NH"_3#. The byproduct is #"NH"_4"Br"#, a weak acid.

You start with the alkyl halide and form an amine (#R-"N"-R_1R_2#), with an amine (#"N"-R_1R_2#) functional group.

#(6)# This is a substitution, specifically by using #"SOCl"_2# in pyridine. Results in a #"Cl"# displacing an #"OH"#.

You start with the alcohol and replace the hydroxyl functional group with a chloride (#"Cl"^(-)#) functional group, just another type of halide. [The analogous reaction is using #"PBr"_3# to form an alkyl bromide instead.]

#(7)# This is an esterification, substituting #"OH"# for #"OCH"_3# by reacting with #"CH"_3"OH"# in heat. You might call this a substitution...

This begins with the carboxylic acid (with a carboxyl [#"COOH"#] functional group) and forms an ester (with a carboxylate [#"COO"-R#] functional group).